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miércoles, 1 de abril de 2020

Cyclologic triangles!

Two triangles A_1B_1C_1 and A_2B_2C_2 are Cyclologic if the circles (A_1B_2C_2), (B_1A_2C_2), and (C_1A_2B_2) are concurrent in a common point. The point of concurrence is known as the Cyclologic center of A_1B_1C_1 with respect to A_2B_2C_2If this is the case, then the circles (A_2B_1C_1), (B_2A_1C_1), (C_2A_1B_1) also will be concurrent. The point of concurrence is known as the Cyclologic center of A_2B_2C_2 with respect to A_1B_1C_1.

Proposition. Let ABC be a triangle. Consider two points, P and Q, in the plane of ABC. Let P_aP_bP_c and Q_aQ_bQ_c be the pedal triangles of P and Q, respectively.  Let X, Y and Z be the orthogonal projections of P onto the sides Q_aQ_b, Q_bQ_c and Q_aQ_c, respectively. Then, P_aP_bP_c and XYZ are cyclologic triangles. In other words, the circles (P_bP_cY), (P_aP_cZ) and (P_aP_bX) are concurrent at a point, and so are circles (P_cYZ), (P_bXY) and (P_aXZ).



Proof. Supose G is the second intersection of circles (P_bP_cY) and (P_cZP_a), then, 

\angle{P_aGP_b}+\angle{P_bXP_a}=\angle{P_cGP_a}-\angle{P_cGP_b}+\angle{P_bXP}+\angle{PXP_a}.

Notice that \angle{P_cGP_a}=\angle{P_cZP_a} and \angle{P_cGP_b}=\angle{P_cYP}+\angle{PYP_b}. By supplementary angles it is easy to realize that PP_cQ_cZY, PZP_aQ_aX and PYXQ_bP_b are cyclic pentagons. So, \angle{P_cZP}=\angle{P_cYP}\angle{PYP_b}=\angle{P_bXP} and \angle{P_aZQ_a}=\angle{Q_aXP_a}. This allows us to re-write the above expression as follows

\angle{P_cZP_a}-\angle{P_cYP_b}+\angle{P_bXP_a}=
\angle{P_cZP}+90^\circ+\angle{P_aZQ_a}-\angle{P_cYP}-\angle{PYP_b}+\angle{P_bXP}+90^\circ-\angle{P_aZQ_a}=180^\circ.

Which means that GP_aXP_b is cyclic, so done.


The cyclologic center of XYZ with respect to P_aP_bP_c is clearly P.

Remark: the triangle Q_aQ_bQ_c can be arbitrary inscribed in ABC. The fact that Q_aQ_bQ_c is a pedal triangle was never used in the proof.

Some more properties of this configuration can be found in the ETC: Cyclologic centers: X(37743) - X(37744).

See also Lozada's cyclologic triangles.

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